Protein: P53350

UniprotKB AC UniprotKB ID Gene name Full name Species Curated set
P53350 (Uniprot) PLK1_HUMAN PLK1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 human Yes
Uniprot: Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Polo-like kinase proteins acts by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates BORA, BUB1B/BUBR1, CCNB1, CDC25C, CEP55, ECT2, ERCC6L, FBXO5/EMI1, FOXM1, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, NEDD1, NINL, NPM1, NUDC, PKMYT1/MYT1, KIZ, PPP1R12A/MYPT1, PRC1, RACGAP1/CYK4, SGO1, STAG2/SA2, TEX14, TOPORS, p73/TP73, TPT1, WEE1 and HNRNPU. Plays a key role in centrosome functions and the assembly of bipolar spindles by phosphorylating KIZ, NEDD1 and NINL. NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, an important step for spindle formation. Phosphorylation of NINL component of the centrosome leads to NINL dissociation from other centrosomal proteins. Involved in mitosis exit and cytokinesis by phosphorylating CEP55, ECT2, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, PRC1 and RACGAP1. Recruited at the central spindle by phosphorylating and docking PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2; creates its own docking sites on PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2 by mediating phosphorylation of sites subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates RACGAP1, thereby creating a docking site for the Rho GTP exchange factor ECT2 that is essential for the cleavage furrow formation. Promotes the central spindle recruitment of ECT2. Plays a central role in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle by phosphorylating CCNB1, CDC25C, FOXM1, CENPU, PKMYT1/MYT1, PPP1R12A/MYPT1 and WEE1. Part of a regulatory circuit that promotes the activation of CDK1 by phosphorylating the positive regulator CDC25C and inhibiting the negative regulators WEE1 and PKMYT1/MYT1. Also acts by mediating phosphorylation of cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) on centrosomes in prophase. Phosphorylates FOXM1, a key mitotic transcription regulator, leading to enhance FOXM1 transcriptional activity. Involved in kinetochore functions and sister chromatid cohesion by phosphorylating BUB1B/BUBR1, FBXO5/EMI1 and STAG2/SA2. PLK1 is high on non-attached kinetochores suggesting a role of PLK1 in kinetochore attachment or in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) regulation. Required for kinetochore localization of BUB1B. Regulates the dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes by phosphorylating cohesin subunits such as STAG2/SA2. Phosphorylates SGO1: required for spindle pole localization of isoform 3 of SGO1 and plays a role in regulating its centriole cohesion function. Mediates phosphorylation of FBXO5/EMI1, a negative regulator of the APC/C complex during prophase, leading to FBXO5/EMI1 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Acts as a negative regulator of p53 family members: phosphorylates TOPORS, leading to inhibit the sumoylation of p53/TP53 and simultaneously enhance the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates the transactivation domain of the transcription factor p73/TP73, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates BORA, and thereby promotes the degradation of BORA. Contributes to the regulation of AURKA function. Also required for recovery after DNA damage checkpoint and entry into mitosis. Phosphorylates MISP, leading to stabilization of cortical and astral microtubule attachments required for proper spindle positioning (PubMed:8991084, PubMed:11202906, PubMed:12207013, PubMed:12447691, PubMed:12524548, PubMed:12738781, PubMed:12852856, PubMed:12939256, PubMed:14532005, PubMed:14734534, PubMed:15070733, PubMed:15148369, PubMed:15469984, PubMed:16198290, PubMed:16247472, PubMed:16980960, PubMed:17081991, PubMed:17351640, PubMed:17376779, PubMed:17617734, PubMed:18174154, PubMed:18331714, PubMed:18418051, PubMed:18477460, PubMed:18521620, PubMed:18615013, PubMed:19160488, PubMed:19351716, PubMed:19468300, PubMed:19468302, PubMed:19473992, PubMed:19509060, PubMed:19597481, PubMed:23455478, PubMed:23509069). Together with MEIKIN, acts as a regulator of kinetochore function during meiosis I: required both for mono-orientation of kinetochores on sister chromosomes and protection of centromeric cohesin from separase-mediated cleavage (By similarity). Phosphorylates CEP68 and is required for its degradation (PubMed:25503564). Regulates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase by phosphorylating DCTN1 resulting in its localization in the nuclear envelope (PubMed:20679239). Phosphorylates the heat shock transcription factor HSF1, promoting HSF1 nuclear translocation upon heat shock (PubMed:15661742). Phosphorylates HSF1 also in the early mitotic period; this phosphorylation regulates HSF1 localization to the spindle pole, the recruitment of the SCF(BTRC) ubiquitin ligase complex induicing HSF1 degradation, and hence mitotic progression (PubMed:18794143). Regulates mitotic progression by phosphorylating RIOK2 (PubMed:21880710). more..
Dissimilar Functions Manual Curation

Function 1: Serine/threonine-protein kinase. Maintainance of genome stability (mitosis, DNA damage, Golgi checkpoint pathway). Condition: nuclear localisation.

Function 2: Regulates cell surbate beta1 integrin levels, involved in invasion through extracellular matrix. Condition: extracellular localisation.

Publications (PMID): 18056432

Biological Processes
Module ID (MoonGO) GO ID (BP) GO Name
25 GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process
25 GO:0010467 gene expression
25 GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
25 GO:0007165 signal transduction
27 GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process
27 GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
116 GO:0019538 protein metabolic process
116 GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
194 GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
194 GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
267 GO:0044271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
267 GO:0010467 gene expression
267 GO:0009059 macromolecule biosynthetic process
267 GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process
267 GO:0019538 protein metabolic process
267 GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
292 GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
292 GO:0010467 gene expression
367 GO:0010467 gene expression
367 GO:0007399 nervous system development
367 GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
367 GO:0019538 protein metabolic process
367 GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization
367 GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
367 GO:0007165 signal transduction
419 GO:0022607 cellular component assembly
533 GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
764 GO:0022607 cellular component assembly
796 GO:0034645 cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
796 GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
823 GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
823 GO:0071310 cellular response to organic substance
823 GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
823 GO:0031325 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
823 GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
823 GO:0051173 positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
823 GO:0006357 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
823 GO:0007165 signal transduction
Cellular Components
Module ID (MoonGO) GO ID (CC) GO Name
25 GO:0005829 cytosol
25 GO:0005634 nucleus
27 GO:0031981 nuclear lumen
116 GO:0005829 cytosol
116 GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen
116 GO:0005634 nucleus
190 GO:0005829 cytosol
190 GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
194 GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
194 GO:0031981 nuclear lumen
216 GO:0005829 cytosol
267 GO:0005829 cytosol
267 GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen
267 GO:0005634 nucleus
291 GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
291 GO:0005634 nucleus
292 GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
292 GO:0031981 nuclear lumen
367 GO:0005829 cytosol
367 GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen
367 GO:0005634 nucleus
419 GO:0044430 cytoskeletal part
419 GO:0005829 cytosol
447 GO:0005829 cytosol
447 GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
447 GO:0005634 nucleus
533 GO:0005829 cytosol
764 GO:0044430 cytoskeletal part
796 GO:0005634 nucleus
823 GO:0005829 cytosol
823 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
GO ID (BP) GO Name Evidence Code (GO EC)
GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation IMP
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle TAS
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter IMP
GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle IDA
GO:0000281 mitotic cytokinesis IDA
GO:0000910 cytokinesis IDA
GO:0001578 microtubule bundle formation IDA
GO:0006468 protein phosphorylation IDA
GO:0007062 sister chromatid cohesion TAS
GO:0007077 mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly TAS
GO:0007094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint IMP
GO:0007098 centrosome cycle IMP
GO:0007346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle IMP
GO:0008283 cell proliferation TAS
GO:0010389 regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle TAS
GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation IMP
GO:0016321 female meiosis chromosome segregation IEA
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination IDA
GO:0018105 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IDA
GO:0030071 regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition IMP
GO:0031145 anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process TAS
GO:0031572 G2 DNA damage checkpoint IDA
GO:0031648 protein destabilization IDA
GO:0032436 positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IMP
GO:0042787 protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process TAS
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process IMP
GO:0043393 regulation of protein binding IMP
GO:0045143 homologous chromosome segregation IEA
GO:0045184 establishment of protein localization IMP
GO:0045736 negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity IMP
GO:0045862 positive regulation of proteolysis IDA
GO:0051081 nuclear envelope disassembly IMP
GO:0051437 positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle transition TAS
GO:0051439 regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in mitotic cell cycle TAS
GO:0051443 positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity IMP
GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle TAS
GO:0070194 synaptonemal complex disassembly IEA
GO:0071168 protein localization to chromatin IDA
GO:0090435 protein localization to nuclear envelope IMP
GO:0097711 ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking TAS
GO:1900182 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus TAS
GO:1901673 regulation of mitotic spindle assembly IDA
GO:1902749 regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition TAS
GO:1904668 positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity TAS
GO ID (CC) GO Name Evidence Code (GO EC)
GO:0000776 kinetochore IDA
GO:0000785 chromatin IEA
GO:0000795 synaptonemal complex IEA
GO:0000922 spindle pole IDA
GO:0000942 condensed nuclear chromosome outer kinetochore IDA
GO:0005634 nucleus IDA
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm TAS
GO:0005813 centrosome IDA
GO:0005819 spindle IDA
GO:0005829 cytosol TAS
GO:0005876 spindle microtubule IDA
GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton IDA
GO:0030496 midbody IDA
GO:0051233 spindle midzone IDA
No pairs of PrOnto dissimilar CC GO terms found.
PMID Article Title
7478607 Identification and functional characterization of the human and murine polo-like kinase (Plk) promoter.
7902533 Cell cycle- and terminal differentiation-associated regulation of the mouse mRNA encoding a conserved mitotic protein kinase.
7962193 Cell cycle analysis and chromosomal localization of human Plk1, a putative homologue of the mitotic kinases Drosophila polo and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc5.
8018557 Cloning and characterization of human and murine homologues of the Drosophila polo serine-threonine kinase.
8127874 Induction and down-regulation of PLK, a human serine/threonine kinase expressed in proliferating cells and tumors.
8991084 Antibody microinjection reveals an essential role for human polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in the functional maturation of mitotic centrosomes.
9083047 Cell cycle regulation of the human polo-like kinase (PLK) promoter.
11202906 The human polo-like kinase, PLK, regulates cdc2/cyclin B through phosphorylation and activation of the cdc25C phosphatase.
12207013 Phosphorylation of threonine 210 and the role of serine 137 in the regulation of mammalian polo-like kinase.
12442251 Identification of phosphorylation sites in the polo-like kinases Plx1 and Plk1 by a novel strategy based on element and electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry.
12447691 Cooperative phosphorylation including the activity of polo-like kinase 1 regulates the subcellular localization of cyclin B1.
12524548 Active cyclin B1-Cdk1 first appears on centrosomes in prophase.
12639966 Stk10, a new member of the polo-like kinase kinase family highly expressed in hematopoietic tissue.
12738781 Identification of a consensus motif for Plk (Polo-like kinase) phosphorylation reveals Myt1 as a Plk1 substrate.
12852856 Polo-like kinase 1 regulates Nlp, a centrosome protein involved in microtubule nucleation.
12939256 Phosphorylation of mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 by polo-like kinase 1 is required for cytokinesis.
14532005 The molecular basis for phosphodependent substrate targeting and regulation of Plks by the Polo-box domain.
14592974 The crystal structure of the human polo-like kinase-1 polo box domain and its phospho-peptide complex.
14734534 Ordered proteolysis in anaphase inactivates Plk1 to contribute to proper mitotic exit in human cells.
15070733 M-phase kinases induce phospho-dependent ubiquitination of somatic Wee1 by SCFbeta-TrCP.
15148369 Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic inhibitor 1, a regulator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome.
15469984 Plk1 regulates activation of the anaphase promoting complex by phosphorylating and triggering SCFbetaTrCP-dependent destruction of the APC inhibitor Emi1.
15489334 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
15616186 The forkhead-associated domain protein Cep170 interacts with Polo-like kinase 1 and serves as a marker for mature centrioles.
15661742 Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylates heat shock transcription factor 1 and mediates its nuclear translocation during heat stress.
16198290 Cdk1/Erk2- and Plk1-dependent phosphorylation of a centrosome protein, Cep55, is required for its recruitment to midbody and cytokinesis.
16247472 Phosphorylation of the cytokinesis regulator ECT2 at G2/M phase stimulates association of the mitotic kinase Plk1 and accumulation of GTP-bound RhoA.
16439210 The evi5 oncogene regulates cyclin accumulation by stabilizing the anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor emi1.
16645325 Expression of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protein predicts the survival of patients with gastric carcinoma.
16760428 Phosphorylation- and polo-box-dependent binding of Plk1 to Bub1 is required for the kinetochore localization of Plk1.
16980960 The Plk1 target Kizuna stabilizes mitotic centrosomes to ensure spindle bipolarity.
17081991 Self-regulated Plk1 recruitment to kinetochores by the Plk1-PBIP1 interaction is critical for proper chromosome segregation.
17218258 PICH, a centromere-associated SNF2 family ATPase, is regulated by Plk1 and required for the spindle checkpoint.
17307877 Molecular and structural basis of polo-like kinase 1 substrate recognition: Implications in centrosomal localization.
17310276 TTDN1 is a Plk1-interacting protein involved in maintenance of cell cycle integrity.
17344846 Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.
17351640 Choice of Plk1 docking partners during mitosis and cytokinesis is controlled by the activation state of Cdk1.
17376779 Polo-like kinase 1 facilitates chromosome alignment during prometaphase through BubR1.
17461553 Structure of the catalytic domain of human polo-like kinase 1.
17495026 The tumor suppressor CYLD regulates entry into mitosis.
17617734 Shugoshin 1 plays a central role in kinetochore assembly and is required for kinetochore targeting of Plk1.
17943598 Expression of PLK1 and survivin in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
17981789 A cell proliferation and chromosomal instability signature in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
18005335 Selectivity-determining residues in Plk1.
18174154 Inhibitory role of Plk1 in the regulation of p73-dependent apoptosis through physical interaction and phosphorylation.
18329369 Final stages of cytokinesis and midbody ring formation are controlled by BRUCE.
18331714 sSgo1, a major splice variant of Sgo1, functions in centriole cohesion where it is regulated by Plk1.
18391401 Structure of wild-type Plk-1 kinase domain in complex with a selective DARPin.
18418051 p73-mediated transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by polo-like kinase 1.
18477460 Myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 regulates mitosis by antagonizing polo-like kinase 1.
18521620 Plk1 regulates mitotic Aurora A function through betaTrCP-dependent degradation of hBora.
18615013 Polo-like kinase-1 is activated by aurora A to promote checkpoint recovery.
18662541 The Cdc14B-Cdh1-Plk1 axis controls the G2 DNA-damage-response checkpoint.
18669648 A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.
18691976 Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.
18794143 HSF1 as a mitotic regulator: phosphorylation of HSF1 by Plk1 is essential for mitotic progression.
19029337 FAM29A promotes microtubule amplification via recruitment of the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex to the mitotic spindle.
19160488 Plk1-dependent phosphorylation of FoxM1 regulates a transcriptional programme required for mitotic progression.
19351716 Plk1 and Aurora A regulate the depolymerase activity and the cellular localization of Kif2a.
19369195 Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.
19468300 Polo-like kinase 1 directs assembly of the HsCyk-4 RhoGAP/Ect2 RhoGEF complex to initiate cleavage furrow formation.
19468302 Plk1 self-organization and priming phosphorylation of HsCYK-4 at the spindle midzone regulate the onset of division in human cells.
19473992 Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Topors regulates p53 stability.
19509060 Sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 is required for targeting of the gammaTuRC to the centrosome.
19596235 Mammalian BTBD12/SLX4 assembles a Holliday junction resolvase and is required for DNA repair.
19597481 Structural and functional analyses of minimal phosphopeptides targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1.
20068231 Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.
20671765 Multifaceted polo-like kinases: drug targets and antitargets for cancer therapy.
20679239 Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylation of p150Glued facilitates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase.
21269460 Initial characterization of the human central proteome.
21402792 The astrin-kinastrin/SKAP complex localizes to microtubule plus ends and facilitates chromosome alignment.
21880710 Phosphorylation of right open reading frame 2 (Rio2) protein kinase by polo-like kinase 1 regulates mitotic progression.
22753416 Furry protein promotes Aurora A-mediated polo-like kinase 1 activation.
22814378 N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.
23186163 Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.
23455152 Dynactin helps target Polo-like kinase 1 to kinetochores via its left-handed beta-helical p27 subunit.
23455478 Ubiquitylation-dependent localization of PLK1 in mitosis.
23509069 MISP is a novel Plk1 substrate required for proper spindle orientation and mitotic progression.
24018379 Centrosomal protein FOR20 is essential for S-phase progression by recruiting Plk1 to centrosomes.
25503564 Degradation of Cep68 and PCNT cleavage mediate Cep215 removal from the PCM to allow centriole separation, disengagement and licensing.
25986610 Phosphorylation of SAF-A/hnRNP-U serine 59 by polo-like kinase 1 is required for mitosis.
28112733 Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification with phosphorylation.
No results found.
Domain Name Domain ID Source
Prot_kinase_dom IPR000719 InterPro
POLO_box_dom IPR000959 InterPro
Ser/Thr_kinase_AS IPR008271 InterPro
Kinase-like_dom_sf IPR011009 InterPro
Protein_kinase_ATP_BS IPR017441 InterPro
POLO_box_2 IPR033695 InterPro
POLO_box_1 IPR033701 InterPro
PLK1_cat IPR033702 InterPro
POLO_box_dom_sf IPR036947 InterPro
Pkinase PF00069 Pfam
POLO_box PF00659 Pfam
PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP PS00107 PROSITE
PROTEIN_KINASE_ST PS00108 PROSITE
PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM PS50011 PROSITE
POLO_BOX PS50078 PROSITE
S34130 S34130 PIR
S_TKc SM00220 SMART
SSF56112 SSF56112 SUPFAM
POLO_box_2 cd13117 CDD
POLO_box_1 cd13118 CDD
STKc_PLK1 cd14187 CDD